Ethiopia sees the $5 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on a tributary of the River Nile as central to its economic ambitions

International News via Reuters:

Ethiopia officially inaugurated Africa’s largest hydroelectric dam on Tuesday, a project that will provide energy to millions of Ethiopians while deepening a rift with downstream Egypt that has unsettled the region.  

Ethiopia, the continent’s second most populous nation with over 120 million people, sees the $5 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on a tributary of the River Nile as central to its economic ambitions. 

The dam’s power has gradually increased since the first turbine was turned on in 2022, reaching its maximum capacity of 5,150 MW on Tuesday. That puts it among the 20 biggest hydroelectric dams in the world – about one-quarter of the capacity of China’s Three Gorges Dam.

At a ceremony on Tuesday at the site in Guba, an Ethiopian fighter jet flew low over the mist from the dam’s white waters, which plunge 170-metres (558 feet).

Beneath the canopy of a giant Ethiopian flag, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed later addressed a crowd of dozens of dignitaries including the presidents of Somalia, Djibouti and Kenya.

“To our (Sudanese and Egyptian) brothers; Ethiopia built the dam to prosper, to electrify the entire region and to change the history of black people,” Abiy said. “It is absolutely not to harm its brothers.”

Abiy has said Ethiopia will use the energy to improve Ethiopians’ access to electricity and export surplus power to the region.

The dam’s reservoir has also flooded an area larger than Greater London, which the government says will provide a steady water supply for irrigation downstream while limiting floods and drought. 

DROUGHT RESTRICTIONS?

Ethiopia’s downstream neighbours, however, have watched the project advance with dread since construction began in 2011.

Egypt, which built its own Aswan High Dam on the Nile in the 1960s, fears the GERD could restrict its water supply during periods of drought, and could lead to the construction of other upstream dams.  

It has bitterly opposed the dam from the start, arguing that it violates water treaties dating to the British colonial era and poses an existential threat.

Egypt, with a population of about 108 million, depends on the Nile for about 90% of its fresh water.

Egypt would continue to closely monitor developments on the Blue Nile and “exercise its right to take all the appropriate measures to defend and protect the interests of the Egyptian people”, Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Tamim Khallaf told Reuters on Monday.

While Egypt has refrained from any direct reprisals against Ethiopia, it has drawn closer in recent years to Addis Ababa’s rivals in the Horn of Africa, notably Eritrea.

Sudan, meanwhile, has joined Egypt’s calls for legally binding agreements on the dam’s filling and operation, but could also benefit from better flood management and access to cheap energy.

‘NOT A THREAT’

Ethiopia in 2020 began filling the reservoir in phases while arguing that the dam would not significantly harm downstream countries.

Independent research shows that so far, no major disruptions to downstream flow have been recorded — partly due to favourable rainfall and cautious filling of the reservoir during wet seasons over a five-year period.

In Ethiopia, which has faced years of internal armed conflict, largely along ethnic lines, the GERD has proven a source of national pride, said Mekdelawit Messay, an Ethiopian water researcher at Florida International University.

“It has been a banner to rally under, and it shows what we can achieve when unified,” Mekdelawit said.

Ethiopia’s central bank provided 91% of the project’s funding, while 9% was financed by Ethiopians through bond sales and gifts, without any foreign assistance, local media has reported.

Sultan Abdulahi Hassan, a farmer who lives near the dam, said the dam has brought electricity to his village.

“We now have refrigerators. We can drink cold water. We now use electricity for everything,” he told Reuters at the launch.

While the extra power will help the country’s burgeoning bitcoin mining industry, most rural Ethiopians may have to wait a little longer to benefit. 

Underdeveloped transmission networks in rural areas are a major constraint on electricity access. While urban areas had a 94% electrification rate as of 2022, just 55% of the country’s total population had electricity, according to the World Bank.

Reporting by Hereward Holland in Nairobi; Mohamed Ezz and Alexander Dziadosz in Cairo; Editing by Aidan Lewis, Ammu Kannampilly and Sharon Singleton

The cancelled flights will affect 27,000 passengers

International News via Reuters:

KLM, the Dutch arm of airline group Air France KLM, will cancel 100 flights on Wednesday after ground crew announced a two-hour strike, a spokesperson for KLM said on Tuesday, confirming a report by Dutch News Agency ANP.

The cancelled flights will affect 27,000 passengers, the spokesperson added.

European airlines have struggled this summer with the fallout of strikes, causing delays across the continent. Budget carrier Ryanair said it was forced to cancel multiple flights in July tied to French air traffic control strikes.

KLM reached an agreement with some labour unions last week, but ongoing labor disputes on a collective agreement continue as the two unions that were not part of the deal said they would move forward with strike action.

A two-hour strike by ground staff is planned on Wednesday morning, followed by a four-hour strike next Wednesday, September 17, also in the morning.

Flight cancellations can have knock-on effects for the entire flight schedule, causing delays and challenges for the aviation system.

Reporting by Charlotte Van Campenhout and Joanna Plucinska; Editing by Louise Heavens and Emelia Sithole-Matarise